Sustainable Adoption of Connected Vehicles in the Brazilian Landscape: Policies, Technical Specifications and Challenges
Abstract
This review addresses the intervehicular communication in Connected Vehicles (CV) by emphasizing V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) and V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure) communications in terms of evolution, current standards, state-of-the-art studies, embedded devices, simulation, trends, challenges, and relevant legislation. This review is based on studies conducted from 2009 to 2019, government reports about the sustainable deployment of these technologies and their adoption in the Brazilian automotive market. Moreover, WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment) and DSRC (Dedicated Short-range Communication) standards, the performance analysis of communication parameters and intervehicular available at the market are also described. The current status of ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) development in Brazil was reviewed, as well as the research institutes and governmental actions focused on introducing the concept of connected vehicles into the society. The Brazilian outlook for technological adoption concerning CVs was also discussed. Moreover, challenges related to technical aspects, safety and environmental issues, and the standardization for vehicle communication are also described. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and proposals from available technologies devoted to the roads and vehicular infrastructure communication, their evolution and upcoming trends.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
WHO, “Global Status Safety on Road - Report 2015,” World Health Organization, Tech. Rep., 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/
V. Maciel, “Óbitos por acidentes de traˆnsito caem pelo segundo ano consecutivo,” 2017.
Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea), “Estimativa dos Custos dos Acidentes de Trˆansito no Brasil com Base na Atualizacao Simplificada das Pesquisas Anteriores do Ipea,” Relat´orio de Pesquisa do Instituto de Pesquisa Econˆomica Aplicada, p. 20, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.en.ipea.gov.br/
C. H. R. de Carvalho, “Mortes Por Acidentes De Transporte Terrestre No Brasil: An´alise Dos Sistemas De Informac¸ ˜ao Do Minist´erio Da Saude,” Instituto de Pesquisa Econˆomica Aplicada, p. 50, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.ipea.gov.br
J. Harding, G. Powell, R. Yoon, J. Fikentscher, C. Doyle, D. Sade, M. Lukuc, J. Simons, and J. Wang, “Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications : Readiness of V2V Technology for Application,” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, Tech. Rep. August, 2014.
NHTSA, “Preliminary Regulatory Impact Analysis FMVSS No. 150 Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Technology for Light Vehicles,” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Tech. Rep., 2016.
C. E. E. de Oliveira and T. A. C. B. Leal, “Considerations on the Autonomous Vehicles - possible economic, urban and legal impacts,” Senado Federal, Tech. Rep., 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www12.senado.leg.br/publicacoes/estudoslegislativos/tipos-de-estudos/textos-para-discussao/td214/view
A. Chekkouri, A. Ezzouhairi, and S. Pierre, “Connected vehicles in an intelligent transport system,” in Vehicular Communications and Networks: Architectures, Protocols, Operation and Deployment, W. Chen, Ed. Elsevier, 2015, vol. 1, ch. 10, pp. 193–.
Q. Hong, E. P. Dennis, R. Wallace, and J. Cregger, “Global harmonization of connected vehicle communication standards,” Michigan Department of Transportation and the Center for Automotive Research, Tech. Rep., 2016.
K. Ranjan, “The Lattice: An intelligent grid for connected car Industry,” in 2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India), IEEE, Ed., 2017, pp. 1–5.
R. A. Badea and L. Stanciu, “A Survey and Research Model for Vehicular Communication and Security Challenges,” 2018 International Conference on Communications (COMM), pp. 291–296, 2018.
J. Greenough, “THE CONNECTED CAR REPORT : Forecasts , competing technologies , and leading manufacturers,” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/connected-carforecasts-top-manufacturers-leading-car-makers-2016-4
Statista, “Projected size of the global connected car market in 2016 and 2021, by segment (in billion euros),” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/297816/connected-car-marketsize- by-segment/
G. V. Research, “Connected Car Market Size To Reach $180.30 Billion By 2022,” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/globalconnected-car-market
Z. Ning, F. Xia, N. Ullah, X. Kong, and X. Hu, “Enabling Mobile And Wireless Technologies For Smart Cities: Vehicular Social Networks: Enabling Smart Mobility,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 49–55, 2017.
R. Molina-Masegosa and J. Gozalvez, “LTE-V for Sidelink 5G V2X Vehicular Communications: A New 5G Technology for Short-Range Vehicle-to-Everything Communications,” IEEE vehicular technology magazine, no. December, 2017.
K. A. Rahman and K. E. Tepe, “Towards a cross-layer based MAC for smooth V2V and V2I communications for safety applications in DSRC/WAVE based systems,” 2014 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 969–973, 2014.
R. F. Atallah, M. J. Khabbaz, and C. M. Assi, “Vehicular networking: A survey on spectrum access technologies and persisting challenges,” Vehicular Communications, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 125–149, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2015.03.005
H. Chenguang, Z. Kaiyu, and W. Shouming, “Analysis of the channel capacity with shadowing fading in VANET,” 2018 14th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), pp. 577–581, 2018.
P. Salvo, F. Cuomo, A. Baiocchi, and I. Rubin, “Investigating VANET dissemination protocols performance under high throughput conditions,” Vehicular Communications, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 185–194, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2015.07.003
D. Das and R. Misra, “Efficient vehicle to vehicle communication protocol for VANETs,” Engineering and Computational Sciences (RAECS), 2014 Recent Advances in, pp. 1–6, 2014.
M. Amoozadeh, H. Deng, C. N. Chuah, H. M. Zhang, and D. Ghosal, “Platoon management with cooperative adaptive cruise control enabled by VANET,” Vehicular Communications, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 110–123, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2015.03.004
C. Campolo, A. Molinaro, A. O. Berthet, and A. Vinel, “Full-Duplex Radios for Vehicular Communications,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 182–189, 2017.
W. Xu, H. Zhou, N. Cheng, F. Lyu, W. Shi, J. Chen, and X. Shen, “Internet of vehicles in big data era,” IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 19–35, 2018.
L. Atzori, A. Iera, and G. Morabito, “The Internet of Things : A Survey The Internet of Things : A survey,” Computer Networks, vol. 54, no. 15, pp. 2787–2805, 2010. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2010.05.010
A. Zanella, N. Bui, A. Castellani, L. Vangelista, and M. Zorzi, “Internet of Things for Smart Cities,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 22–32, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=6740844
P. F. Pires, F. C. Delicato, T. Batista, and T. Barros, “Capıtulo 3 - Plataformas para a Internet das Coisas,” in XXXIII Simp´osio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribu´ıdos. Universidade Federal do Esp´ırito Santo, 2015.
F. Cunha, L. Villas, A. Boukerche, G. Maia, A. Viana, R. A. F. Mini, and A. A. F. Loureiro, “Data Communication in VANETs: Survey, Applications and Challenges,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 44, pp. 90–103, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2016.02.017
M. Baunach, R. M. Gomes, M. Malenko, F. Mauroner, L. B. Ribeiro, and T. Scheipel, “Smart mobility of the future – a challenge for embedded automotive systems,” Elektrotechnik & Informationstechnik (2018), pp. 304–308, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-018-0623-6
S. Q. YANG Fangchun, WANG Shangguang, LI Jinglin, LIU Zhihan, “An Overview of Internet of Vehicles,” China Communications, no. October, pp. 1–15, 2014.
O. Kaiwartya, A. H. Abdullah, Y. Cao, A. Altameem, M. Prasad, C. T. Lin, and X. Liu, “Internet of Vehicles: Motivation, Layered Architecture, Network Model, Challenges and Future Aspects,” IEEE Access, vol. PP, no. 99, 2016.
K. Ullah, “On the use of opportunistic vehicular communication for roadside services advertisement and discovery,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of S˜ao Paulo, 2016.
A. C. Regan and R. Chen, “Chapter 2: Vehicular ad hoc networks,” in Vehicular Communications and Networks: Architectures, Protocols, Operation and Deployment, W. Chen, Ed. Elsevier, 2015, vol. 1, pp. 29–35.
E. Uhlemann, “Introducing connected vehicles [Connected vehicles],” IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 23–28, 2015.
IEEE Vehicular Technology Society (VTS), “IEEE Connected Vehicles Initiative,” p. 2018, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://sites.ieee.org/connected-vehicles/ieeeconnected-vechicles/connected-vehicles/
A. Boukerche, H. A. B. F. Oliveira, E. F. Nakamura, and A. A. F. Loureiro, “Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks : A New Challenge for Localization-Based Systems q,” Computer Communications, vol. 31, pp. 2838–2849, 2008.
U. Lee and M. G. Bell, “A survey of urban vehicular sensing platforms,” Computer Networks, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 527–544, 2010. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2009.07.011
R. I. Meneguette, G. P. Filho, D. L. Guidoni, G. Pessin, L. A. Villas, and J. Ueyama, “Increasing intelligence in inter-vehicle communications to reduce traffic congestions: Experiments in Urban and highway environments,” PLoS ONE, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1–25, 2016.
D. Levinson, “The value of advanced traveler information systems for route choice,” Transportation Research Part C, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 75–87, 2003.
A. Grzybek, G. Danoy, P. Bouvry, and M. Seredynski, “Mitigating flash crowd effect using connected vehicle technology,” Vehicular Communications, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 238–250, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2015.10.002
F. R. Yu, “Transportation Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 65, no. May, pp. 3843–3844, 2016.
S. A. A. Shah, E. Ahmed, M. Imran, and S. Zeadally, “IMMINENT COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART COMMUNITIES: 5G for Vehicular Communications,” IEEE CommunicationsMagazine, no. January, pp. 111–117, 2018.
A. Mastrosimone and D. Panno, “Moving network based on mmWave technology: a promising solution for 5G vehicular users,” Wireless Networks, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1–18, 2017.
J. Contreras-Castillo, S. Zeadally, and J. Guerrero-Iba˜nez, “Internet of Vehicles: Architecture, Protocols, and Security,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 4662, no. c, pp. 1–1, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7892008/
Z. Fantian, L. Chunxiao, Z. Anran, and H. Xuelong, “Review of the key technologies and applications in internet of vehicle,” in 2017 IEEE 13th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, 2017, pp. 228–232.
S. Andrews, “Section 9: Vehicular Communications Systems,” in Handbook of Intelligent Vehicles, A. Eskandarian, Ed. Springer-Verlag London Ltd, 2013, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1093–1120.
V. P. Barcelos, “Analise e Experimentacaoo do Padr˜ao IEEE 802.11P em Redes Veiculares Hıbridas,” Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2014.
M. L. Sichitiu and M. Kihl, “Inter-Vehicle Communication Systems: A Survey,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 88 – 105, 2008.
J. Luo and J.-P. Hubaux, “Nicht zu warm und nicht zu kalt,” in Embedded Security in Cars. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006, vol. 155, no. 29.
USDOT, “Connected Vehicles: CV Pilot Deployment Program,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.its.dot.gov/pilots/cv pilot apps.htm
L. Ward and M. Simon, “Intelligent Transportation Systems Using IEEE 802 . 11p Application Note,” Rohde & Schwarz, Tech. Rep.,2015.
F. Bai, H. Krishnan, and V. Sadekar, “Towards Characterizing and Classifying Communication-based Automotive Applications from a Wireless Networking Perspective,” Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Automotive Networking and Applications (AutoNet), pp. 1–25, 2006.
J. M. Le´on-coca, D. G. Reina, S. L. Toral, F. Barrero, and N. Bessis, “Intelligent Transportation Systems and Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment Technology for Developing Smart Cities and Wireless Access in Vehicular Smart Cities,” in Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments, N. Bessis and C. Dobre, Eds. Springer, 2014, pp. 285–313.
IEEE, “P1609.0/D13, Oct 2018 - IEEE Draft Guide for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Architecture,” IEEE, Tech. Rep., 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8509668
C. S. IEEE, “Specific requirements Part 11 : Wireless LAN Medium Access Control ( MAC ) and Physical Layer ( PHY ) Specifications Amendment 5 : Television White Spaces ( TVWS ) Operation IEEE Computer Society,” IEEE Computer Society, Tech. Rep., 2016.
ITERIS, “Dedicated Short Range Communication at 5 . 9 GHz Standards Group,” p. 5590, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://local.iteris.com/spc/html/std/stgrdsrc 5ghz.htm
J. B. Kenney, G. Bansal, and C. E. Rohrs, “LIMERIC : A Linear Message Rate Control Algorithm for Vehicular DSRC Systems,” in VANET ’11 Proceedings of the Eighth ACM international workshop on Vehicular inter-networking, no. June, 2011.
A. Festag, “Standards for vehicular communication—from IEEE 802.11p to 5G,” Elektrotechnik & Informationstechnik, vol. 132, no. 7, pp. 409–416, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-015-0343-0
T. Noltet, H. Hanssont, and L. L. Bellot, “Automotive Communications - Past, Current and Future,” in 2005 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, vol. 1. IEEE, 2005, pp. 985–992.
M. Faezipour, M. Nourani, A. Saeed, and S. Addepalli, “Progress and Challenges in Intelligent Vehicle Area Networks,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 90–100, 2012.
D. Paret, Multiplexed Networks for Embedded Systems: CAN, LIN, FlexRay, Safe-by-Wire... Wiley, 2007.
S. Tuohy, M. Glavin, C. Hughes, E. Jones, M. Trivedi, and L. Kilmartin, “Intra-Vehicle Networks : A Review,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 534–545, 2014.
J. E. Siegel, D. C. Erb, and S. E. Sarma, “A survey of the connected vehicle Landscape - Architectures, enabling technologies, applications, and development areas,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 2391–2406, 2018.
Y. Huo, W. Tu, Z. Sheng, and V. C. Leung, “A Survey of In-vehicle Communications : Requirements , Solutions and Opportunities in IoT,” 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2015.
J. Swanson and M. Serughetti, “Using Ethernet in automotive networks,” pp. 1–3, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.techdesignforums.com/practice/technique/usingethernet-automotive-networks/
A. Azman, S. Yogarayan, S. Leong,W. Jian, S. Fatimah, A. Razak, K. J. Raman, M. Fikri, A. Abdullah, S. Z. Ibrahim, A. Hudaya, M. Amin, and K. S. Muthu, “Comprehensive Study of Wireless Communication Technologies for Vehicular Communication,” 2018 3rd International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS), pp. 314–317, 2018.
M. A. Haque and M. D. Hossain, “Technology survey of wireless communication for in-vehicle applications,” SKIMA 2014 - 8th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications, 2014.
N. Lu, N. Cheng, N. Zhang, X. Shen, and J. W. Mark, “Connected Vehicles : Solutions and Challenges,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 289–299, 2014.
M. Ali, “Chapter 8: standards of communications in the intelligent transport systems (ITS),” in Autonomous Vehicles, N. Bizon, L. Dascalescu, and N. Tabatabaei, Eds. Nova Science Publishers, 2014, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 235–246.
RAMON DOS REIS FONTES, CLAUDIA CAMPOLO, CHRISTIAN ESTEVE ROTHENBERG and A. MOLINARO, “From Theory to Experimental Evaluation : Resource Management in Software-Defined Vehicular Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, 2017.
ENGIMIND, “Relatorio final: desenvolvimento de um manual de referencia para concepcao, dimensionamento e implementacao de pracas de pedagio em concess˜oes rodoviarias,” National Land Transportation Agency (ANTT), Tech. Rep., 2018. [Online]. Available: antt.gov.br/backend/galeria/arquivos/2018/10/16/Relatorio Final.pdf
L. R. Bencke, A. Luiz, F. Perez, and O. Costa, “Smart Roads: an overview of the technologies in Brazil and in the world,” iSys - Revista Brasileira de Sistemas de Informacao, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 80–102, 2017.
SemParar, “Como funciona,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.semparar.com.br/como-funciona
D. ZHAO and H. PENG, “From the Lab to the Street: Solving the Challenge of Accelerating Automated Vehicle Testing,” University of Michigan, Tech. Rep. May, 2017.
CET, “Companhia de Engenharia de Trafego,” 2019. [Online]. Available: http://www.cetsp.com.br
Waze, “Waze,” p. 2019, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://waze.com
M. N. O. Sadiku, M. Tembely, and S. M. Musa, “Internet of Vehicles: An Introduction,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 11, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://ijarcsse.com/index.php/ijarcsse/article/view/512
Z. Wang and M. Hassan, “How Much of DSRC is Available for Non- Safety Use ?” in VANET ’08 Proceedings of the fifth ACM international workshop on VehiculAr Inter-NETworking, 2008, pp. 23–29.
Q. Chen, D. Jiang, and L. Delgrossi, “IEEE 1609.4 DSRC Multi-Channel Operations and Its Implications on Vehicle Safety Communications,” in 2009 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC). IEEE, 2009, pp. 1–8.
X. Wu, S. Subramanian, R. Guha, R. G. White, J. Li, K. W. Lu, T. Zhang, and A. Bucceri, “Vehicular Communications Using DSRC : Challenges , Enhancements , and Evolution,” IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS/SUPPLEMENT, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 399–408, 2013.
M. Boban, T. T. V. Vinhoza, M. Ferreira, J. Barros, and O. K. Tonguz, “Impact of Vehicles as Obstacles in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,” IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, no. June 2014, 2011.
L. Cheng, B. E. Henty, D. D. Stancil, F. Bai, and P. Mudalige, “Mobile Vehicle-to-Vehicle Narrow-Band Channel Measurement and Characterization of the 5 . 9 GHz Frequency Band,” IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 1501–1516, 2007.
C. F. Mecklenbrauker, J. Karedal, A. Paier, T. Zemen, and N. Czink, “Characterization and Its Implications for Wireless System Design and Performance,” in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 99, no. 7. IEEE, 2011.
C. U. Bas and S. C. Ergen, “Ultra-wideband Channel Model for Intra-vehicular Wireless Sensor Networks Beneath the Chassis : From Statistical Model to Simulations,” 14 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 14–25, 2013.
J.-M. Girard, N. Tricot, K. Younsi, and J.-C. Popieul, “When does the driver workload reaches its limits?” in Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference. Toronto: IEEE, 2006, pp. 578–583.
C. Wu and Y. Liu, “Queuing Network Modeling of Driver Workload and Performance,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 528–537, 2007.
N. L. T. A. (ANTT), “Resolucao 3576 Resolucao nº 3576 , de 02 de setembro de 2010,” 2010. [Online]. Available: http://portal.antt.gov.br/
IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), “Brazil - Panorama,” Brasilia, p. 1, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/panorama
N. T. A. (ANATEL), “Mobile Telephony - Municipalities served,” 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www.anatel.gov.br/setorregulado/telefoniamovel/115-universalizacao-e-ampliacao-do-acesso/telefoniamovel/423-telefonia-movel-municipios-atendidos
M. Picone, S. Busanelli, M. Amoretti, F. Zanichelli, and G. Ferrari, Advanced Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems. Springer, 2015.
S. K. Bhoi and P. M. Khilar, “Vehicular communication: a survey,” IET Networks, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 204–217, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/ietnet.2013.0065
E. T. S. I. (ETSI), “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Decentralized Congestion Control Mechanisms for Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz range; Access layer part,” European Telecommunications Standards Institute, Tech. Rep., 2011.
Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), “ABNT / CB-005 - Brazilian Automotive Committee,” 2018. [Online]. Available: ttp://www.abnt.org.br/cb-05.
National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL), “Plan of attribution, destination and distribution of frequency bands in Brazil,” Tech. Rep., 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.anatel.gov.br.
L. Zhang, Y. Wu, G. K. Walker, W. Li, K. Salehian, and A. Florea, “Improving LTE eMBMS with extended OFDM parameters and layereddivision-multiplexing,” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 32–47, 2017.
D. Lecompte and F. Gabin, “Evolved multimedia broadcast/multicast service (eMBMS) in LTE-advanced: Overview and Rel-11 enhancements,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 68–74, 2012.
F. Kargl and J. Petit, “Chapter 9: Security and privacy in vehicular networks,” in Vehicular Communications and Networks Architectures, Protocols, Operation and Deployment, W. Chen, Ed. Elsevier, 2015,vol. 1.
Y. Fraiji, L. Ben Azzouz, W. Trojet, and L. Saidane, “Cyber security issues of Internet of electric vehicles,” IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC, vol. 2018-April, pp. 1–6, 2018.
T. Hoppe, S. Kiltz, and J. Dittmann, “Security threats to automotive CAN networksPractical examples and selected short-term countermeasures,” Reliability Engineering and System Safety, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 11–25, 2011.
K. Grover, A. Lim, and Q. Yang, “Jamming and anti-jamming techniques in wireless networks: a survey,” International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing (IJAHUC), vol. 17, no. 4, 2014.
Y. Sun, L. Wu, S. Wu, S. Li, T. Zhang, L. Zhang, J. Xu, Y. Xiong, and X. Cui, “Attacks and countermeasures in the internet of vehicles,” Annales des Telecommunications/Annals of Telecommunications, vol. 72, no. 5-6, pp. 283–295, 2017.
Y. Sun, L. Wu, S. Wu, S. Li, T. Zhang, L. Zhang, J. Xu, and Y. Xiong, “Security and Privacy in the Internet of Vehicles,” Proceedings - 2015 International Conference on Identification, Information, and Knowledge in the Internet of Things, IIKI 2015, pp. 116–121, 2016.
B. Lipi´nski, W. Mazurczyk, K. Szczypiorski, and P. Smietanka, “Towards Effective Security Framework for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks,” Journal of Advances in Computer Networks, vol. 3, no. 2, 2015.
N. A. Sahloul, L. Benazzouz, and I. Aouini, “Towards an IPsec security GeoNet Architecture,” in Network of the Future NoF’12, 2012.
S. Namal, M. Liyanage, and A. Gurtov, “Realization of Mobile Femtocells : Operational and Protocol Requirements,” Wireless Personal Communications, pp. 339–364, 2013.
C.-K. Han, H.-K. Choi, and I.-H. Kim, “Building Femtocell More Secure with Improved Proxy Signature,” in GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009.
G. Mantas, N. Komninos, J. Rodriguez, E. Logota, and H. Marques, “Chapter 9 Security for 5G Communications,” in Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/13047/ Link
M. H. Eiza, Q. Ni, and Q. Shi, “Secure and Privacy-Aware Cloud-Assisted Video Reporting Service in 5G-Enabled Vehicular Networks,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 7868–7881, 2016.
P. Gandotra and R. Kumar, “A survey on device-to-device ( D2D ) communication : Architecture and security issues,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 78, no. October 2016, pp. 9–29, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2016.11.002
A. Tarabasz, “The Internet of Things – Digital Revolution in Offline Market. Opportunity or Threat?” HANDEL WEWNE¸TRZNY 2016, vol. 4, no. 363, pp. 325–337, 2016.
O. Punal, A. Aguiar, and J. Gross, “In VANETs We Trust ? Characterizing RF Jamming in Vehicular Networks,” in Proceedings of the ninth ACM international workshop on Vehicular inter-networking, systems, and applications, VANET’12, 2012, pp. 83–92.
N. K. Chaubey, “Security Analysis of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ( VANETs ): A Comprehensive Study,” in International Journal of Security and Its Applications, vol. 10, no. 5, 2016.
W. Jiang, F. Li, D. Lin, and Elisa Bertino, “No One Can Track You : Randomized Authentication in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks,” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom) No, 2017.
H. Hasrouny, A. Ellatif, C. Bassil, and A. Laouiti, “VANet security challenges and solutions : A survey,” Vehicular Communications, vol. 7, pp. 7–20, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2017.01.002
CERN, “CERN Articles on Computer Security,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://security.web.cern.ch/security/training/en/CERN Articles On Computer Security (2018).pdf
L. E. d. S. Cardoso, “Sistema Nacional de Transito,” 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.conteudojuridico.com.br/?artigos&ver=2.52617&seo=1%3E
Y. Jia, W. Xu, and X. Liu, “An Optimization Framework For Online Ride-sharing Markets.”
S. Banerjee, D. Freund, and T. Lykouris, “Pricing and Optimization in Shared Vehicle Systems : An Approximation Framework,” in EC’17 Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation, 2017.
99app, “Cidades: Veja as categorias da 99 em sua cidade,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://99app.com/sobre-a-99/cidades/
Uber, “Descubra quais cidades do Brasil tˆem Uber,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.uber.com/pt-BR/blog/em-quais-cidades-a-uberesta-no-brasil/
Cabify, “Cidades Cabify. Conhec¸a todas as cidades onde operamos.” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://cabify.com/pt-BR
A. Boadle, “Uber, rival apps join forces in Brazil to stem tide of regulation,” 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-brazil/uber-rival-appsjoin-forces-in-brazil-to-stem-tide-of-regulation-idUSKBN1D71KE
H. d. F. Miranda and A. N. R. da Silva, “Benchmarking sustainable urban mobility : The case of Curitiba , Brazil,” Transport Policy, vol. 21, pp. 141–151, 2012.
J. M. de Araujo, “Plano nacional de reducao de mortes e lesoes no transito,” 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www.ctbdigital.com.br/artigo/plano-nacional-de-reducaode-mortes-e-lesoes-no-transito-por-julyver-modesto-de-araujo
N. L. T. A. (ANTT), “Resolucao ANTT nº 3.323-A de 18/11/2009,”Agencia Nacional de Transporte Terrestre (ANTT), Tech. Rep., 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.normasbrasil.com.br/norma/resolucao-3323-2009 109723.html
U. D. o. T. (USDOT), “The U . S . Brazil Multimodal Intelligent Transportation Systems ( ITS ) Workshop,” p. 8339, 2017. [Online]. Available: transportation.gov/office-policy/international-policyand-trade/us-brazil-multimodal-intelligent-transportation-systems
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22149/teee.v3i1.130
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Douglas Aguiar do Nascimento, Yuzo Iano, Hermes José Loschi, Navid Razmjooy, Robert Sroufe, Vlademir de Jesus Silva Oliveira, Diego Arturo Pajuelo Castro, Matheus Montagner

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.